Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been
studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable …

Gene therapy by expression constructs or down-regulation of certain genes has shown great
potential for the treatment of various diseases. The wide clinical application of nucleic acid …

Polyethlyenimine (PEI) was introduced 1995 as a cationic polymer for nucleic acid delivery.
PEI and its derivatives are extensively used in basic research and as reference formulations …

Dexamethasone (DEX) has been widely used to treat a variety of diseases, including
autoimmune diseases, allergies, ocular disorders, cancer, and, more recently, COVID-19 …

Fluorouracil (5-FU) has become one of the most widely employed antimetabolite
chemotherapeutic agents in recent decades. It is considered a first line antineoplastic agent …

Breast cancer is considered one of the utmost neoplastic diseases globally, with a high
death rate of patients. Over the last decades, many approaches have been studied to early …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat effectively, due to its aggressiveness,
drug resistance, and lack of the receptors required for hormonal therapy, particularly at the …

Integrin αvβ3, a cell surface receptor, participates in signaling transduction pathways in
cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Several ligands bind to integrin αvβ3 to regulate …

Since the first report on the pharmacological activity of curcumin in 1949, enormous amounts
of research have reported diverse activities for this natural polyphenol found in the dietary …

Topoisomerase enzymes have shown unique roles in replication and transcription. These
enzymes which were initially found in Escherichia coli have attracted considerable attention …