Ubiquitous heterogeneity in the Earth's mantle has been documented by numerous
chemical and isotopic analyses of oceanic basalts. Despite the ever-increasing amount of …

Field, geochronological and geophysical studies show that many igneous bodies are
emplaced incrementally, growing by accretion of successive magma sheets. The existence …

The lower plate is the dominant agent in modern convergent margins characterized by
active subduction, as negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere sinks into the asthenosphere …

Granitoids are a major component of the continental crust. They play a pivotal role in its
evolution, either by adding new material (continental growth), or by reworking older …

This introductory article provides a synopsis of our current understanding of the form and
dynamics of magma reservoirs in the crust. This knowledge is based on a range of …

Based on a compilation of published sources, rocks referred to as adakites show the
following geochemical and isotopic characteristics: SiO2≥ 56 wt percent, Al2O3≥ 15 wt …

Crust extracted from the mantle in arcs is refined into continental crust in subduction zones.
During sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc subduction, and continent subduction …

The composition of much of Earth's lower continental crust is enigmatic. Wavespeeds
require that 10–20% of the lower third is mafic, but the available heat-flow and wavespeed …

The intraoceanic Kohistan arc, northern Pakistan, exposes a complete crustal section
composed of infracrustal basal cumulates formed at≤ 55km depth, a broadly …

Sp and Ps converted seismic waves at 93 permanent seismic stations are used to image
upper mantle velocity discontinuities across the contiguous United States and portions of …