Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. In the past several
decades, researchers have raised significant awareness about the sex differences in CVD …

The incidence and prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide, with approximately
1.13 billion of people currently affected by the disease, often in association with other …

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) can maintain homeostasis through the coordination of
different organs including heart. The change of blood glucose (BG) level can stimulate the …

Through the past decade of research, the correlation between depression and metabolic
diseases has been noticed. More and more studies have confirmed that depression is …

The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, continues to
increase worldwide. Although newer and more advanced therapies are available, current …

Chronic stress contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the underlying
etiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Responses to stress are influenced by …

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a highly prevalent chronic disorder and has been shown to be
associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes. However, the evidence …

change of blood glucose (BG) level stimulates the autonomic nervous system leading to
variation in both human's electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). In this …

OBJECTIVE Low heart rate variability (HRV), a marker for cardiac autonomic dysfunction, is
a known feature of type 2 diabetes, but it remains incompletely understood whether this also …

Ghrelin is a hormone associated with feeding and energy balance. Not surprisingly, this
hormone is secreted in response to acute stressors and it is chronically elevated after …