This paper presents a comprehensive review of ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC)
actuators. Recently, strong emphasis has been put on investigating various ionic polymer …

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the use of ionic polymer‐metal composite
(IPMC) materials as mechanoelectrical transducers. Recently increasing emphasis has …

In this paper, we analyze underwater energy harvesting from the flutter instability of a heavy
flag hosting an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC). The heavy flag comprises a highly …

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have recently received tremendous interest as soft
biomimetic actuators and sensors in various bioengineering and human affinity applications …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are active materials that exhibit a bidirectional
electromechanical coupling. An IPMC is an electrolytic polymer membrane that is plated by …

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations is used to simulate the charge dynamics
due to ionic current and resulting time-dependent displacement of ionic polymer-metal …

Featuring controllable electrochemomechanical deformation and excellent biocompatibility,
polypyrrole electroactuators used as artificial muscles play a vital role in the design of …

In this work, we explore a promising electroactive polymer (EAP), called ionic polymer–metal
composite (IPMC) as a material to use as a multi degree of freedom actuator. Configuration …

Abstract Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is a new smart material that bends in
response to a relatively low applied voltage. Due to its special properties such as low …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a new class of active materials that are gaining
traction as soft actuators in medical and industrial applications. IPMCs can undergo large …