Mediterranean sapropels are layers with elevated organic carbon concentrations that
contrast with surrounding sediments, which are organic poor. Sapropels occur (quasi-) …

Interglacials, including the present (Holocene) period, are warm, low land ice extent (high
sea level), end‐members of glacial cycles. Based on a sea level definition, we identify …

On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of
Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between~ 50–120 thousand years ago …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

We summarize the applications of molecular proxies in paleoclimatology. Marine molecular
records especially are proving to be of value but certain environmentally persistent …

Abrupt cooling is observed at the end of interglacials in many paleoclimate records, but the
mechanism responsible remains unclear. Using model simulations, we demonstrate that …

Humans behave altruistically in natural settings and experiments. A possible explanation—
that groups with more altruists survive when groups compete—has long been judged …

Centennial climate variability over the last ice age exhibits clear bipolar behavior. High-
resolution analyses of marine sediment cores from the Iberian margin trace a number of …

A comparison of fluvial terrace sequences from around the world, based on data collected
as part of International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project No. 449, has revealed …

Mid-Holocene (7000—4000 yr BP) paleoclimate conditions were reconstructed for the
eastern Mediterranean region through a high-resolution (3—20 yr) oxygen and carbon …