Microglia are the predominant immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that exert
key physiological roles required for maintaining CNS homeostasis, notably in response to …

Glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol and corticosterone-CORT) are the effector hormones of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis neuroendocrine system. CORT is a systemic …

Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy
metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of …

The choroid plexus epithelium is a cuboidal cell monolayer, which produces the majority of
the cerebrospinal fluid. The concerted action of a variety of integral membrane proteins …

Bruce McEwen's discovery of receptors for corticosterone in the rat hippocampus introduced
higher brain circuits in the neuroendocrinology of stress. Subsequently, these receptors …

The primary adrenal cortical steroid hormones, aldosterone, and the glucocorticoids cortisol
and corticosterone, act through the structurally similar mineralocorticoid (MR) and …

The safety of progestogens as a class has come under increased scrutiny after the
publication of data from the Women's Health Initiative trial, particularly with respect to breast …

Intestinal microbes are an important system in the human body, with significant effects on
behavior. An increasing body of research indicates that intestinal microbes affect brain …

BackgroundCortisol plays a multifaceted role in major depression disorder (MDD). Diurnal
rhythms are disturbed, there is increased resistance to the feedback action of …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating neuropsychological disorder, which has
caused serious health and socio-economic burdens worldwide. A growing body of evidence …