Abstract The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan system, named the Third Pole because it
is the largest global store of frozen water after the polar regions, provides a reliable water …

BACKGROUND The Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) region in south Asia is one of the most
heavily glacierized and vulnerable mountainous regions on Earth. The Indus, Ganges, and …

Mountain water resources are of particular importance for downstream populations but are
threatened by decreasing water storage in snowpack and glaciers. Groundwater …

In mountainous regions, climate change threatens cryospheric water resources, and
understanding all components of the hydrological cycle is necessary for effective water …

Groundwater discharge in alpine headwaters sustains baseflow in rivers originating in
mountain ranges of the world, which is critically important for aquatic habitats, run‐of‐river …

In recent decades, climate change and other anthropogenic activities have substantially
affected groundwater systems worldwide. These impacts include changes in groundwater …

The mountain cryosphere and groundwater play pivotal roles in sha** the hydrological
cycle, yet their connectivity remains incompletely understood. Current knowledge on …

This review provides a detailed synthesis of the effects of glacier retreat and permafrost thaw
on stream ecosystems in the European Alps. As a working framework, we present a …

Rock glaciers are capable of storing water in solid (permafrost ice) as well as in liquid form
(groundwater within the unfrozen base layer). The latter is relevant no matter the actual state …

Recent studies have shown that climate change is impacting the inorganic chemical
characteristics of surface fresh water in permafrost areas and affecting aquatic ecosystems …