The vulnerability of face recognition systems to presentation attacks (also known as direct
attacks or spoof attacks) has received a great deal of interest from the biometric community …

User authentication systems (in short authentication systems) have wide utilization in our
daily life. Unfortunately, existing authentication systems are prone to various attacks while …

Research on non-intrusive software-based face spoofing detection schemes has been
mainly focused on the analysis of the luminance information of the face images, hence …

With the wide deployment of the face recognition systems in applications from deduplication
to mobile device unlocking, security against the face spoofing attacks requires increased …

Automatic face recognition is now widely used in applications ranging from deduplication of
identity to authentication of mobile payment. This popularity of face recognition has raised …

Over the past two decades, biometric recognition has exploded into a plethora of different
applications around the globe. This proliferation can be attributed to the high levels of …

In recent decades, we have witnessed the evolution of biometric technology from the first
pioneering works in face and voice recognition to the current state of development wherein a …

Face anti-spoofing (aka presentation attack detection) has recently emerged as an active
topic with great significance for both academia and industry due to the rapidly increasing …

Face antispoofing has now attracted intensive attention, aiming to assure the reliability of
face biometrics. We notice that currently most of face antispoofing databases focus on data …

Since the human face preserves the richest information for recognizing individuals, face
recognition has been widely investigated and achieved great success in various …