Abstract In 2009, Gradwohl, Naor, Pinkas, and Rothblum proposed physical zero-knowledge
proof protocols for Sudoku. That is, for a puzzle instance of Sudoku, their excellent protocols …

Ripple Effect is a logic puzzle where the player has to fill numbers into empty cells in a
rectangular grid. The grid is divided into rooms, and each room must contain consecutive …

Sudoku is a famous logic puzzle where the player has to fill a number between 1 and 9 into
each empty cell of a 9× 9 grid such that every number appears exactly once in each row …

By using a deck of cards, it is possible to realize a secure multiparty computation. In
particular, since a new shuffling operation, called a random bisection cut, was devised in …

Numberlink is a logic puzzle with an objective to connect all pairs of cells with the same
number by non-crossing paths in a rectangular grid. In this paper, we propose a physical …

This paper proposes new card-based cryptographic protocols to calculate logic functions
with the minimum number of cards using private operations under the semi-honest model …

Makaro is a logic game similar to Sudoku. In Makaro, a grid has to be filled with numbers
such that: given areas contain all the numbers up to the number of cells in the area, no …

Kakuro is a popular logic puzzle, in which a player fills in all empty squares with digits from 1
to 9 so that the sum of digits in each (horizontal or vertical) line is equal to a given number …

An undirected graph G is known to both the prover P and the verifier V, but only P knows a
subgraph H of G. Without revealing any information about H, P wants to convince V that H is …

This paper shows new card-based cryptographic protocols using private operations that are
secure against malicious players. Physical cards are used in card-based cryptographic …