The authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum
chromodynamics (QCD). After a general overview, they provide a pedagogical introduction …

We present a unified description of the high temperature phase of QCD, the so-called quark–
gluon plasma, in a regime where the effective gauge coupling g is sufficiently small to allow …

The current status of theoretical studies on the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase
diagram at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential is reviewed with special …

We review theoretical approaches to explore the phase diagram of nuclear and quark matter
at high baryon density. We first look over the basic properties of quantum chromodynamics …

▪ Abstract Random matrix theory is a powerful way to describe universal correlations of
eigenvalues of complex systems. It also may serve as a schematic model for disorder in …

We study QCD-like theories with pseudoreal fermions at finite baryon density. Such theories
include two-color QCD with quarks in the fundamental representation of the color group as …

Effective theories for the thermal Wilson line are constructed in an SU (N) gauge theory at
nonzero temperature. I propose that the order of the deconfining phase transition for Z (N) …

We introduce a combined macroscopic-microscopic transport approach employing
relativistic hydrodynamics for the early, dense, deconfined stage of the reaction and a …

We review theoretical aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at finite temperature. The
most important physical variable to characterize hot QCD is the Polyakov loop, which is an …

We study the dependence of quark condensate Σ on an external magnetic field. For weak
fields, it rises linearly: Σ (H)= Σ (0)[1+ eH ln2 (16π 2F π2)+…]. Mπ and Fπ are also shifted so …