The physical continuity of axons over long cellular distances poses challenges for their
maintenance. One organelle that faces this challenge is endoplasmic reticulum (ER); unlike …

The ER is a continuous membrane system consisting of the nuclear envelope, flat sheets
often studded with ribosomes, and a polygonal network of highly-curved tubules extending …

Mucosal immunity protects a host from intestinal inflammation and infection and is
profoundly influenced by symbiotic bacteria. Here we report that in mice symbiotic bacteria …

Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in regulating the transgenerational toxicity of
pollutants. However, the underlying mechanism of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating …

Autophagy is a catabolic process during which cytosolic material is enwrapped in a newly
formed double-membrane structure called the autophagosome, and subsequently targeted …

Members of the protein superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases, also known as
small GTPases, small G-proteins, or the Ras superfamily, are involved in nearly every aspect …

The counterbalancing action of the endocytosis and secretory pathways maintains a
dynamic equilibrium that regulates the composition of the plasma membrane, allowing it to …

Regulated secretion is a fundamental cellular process in which biologically active molecules
stored in long-lasting secretory granules (SGs) are secreted in response to external stimuli …

Rab GTPases are key regulators of eukaryotic membrane traffic, and their functions and
activities are limited to particular intracellular transport steps and their membrane …

The construction of a large dendritic arbor requires robust growth and the precise delivery of
membrane and protein cargoes to specific subcellular regions of the develo** dendrite …