Birch and colleagues have developed an important and useful framework for evaluating the
evidence for sentience–namely, the capacity to experience pain, distress and suffering, in …

Decapod crustaceans (crabs, hermit crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps, prawns) are sentient
beings, not only responding to noxious stimuli but also being capable of feeling pain …

Simple Summary Decapods respond to noxious stimuli in ways that are consistent with the
experience of pain; thus, we accept the need to provide a legal framework for their protection …

This study investigated the feasibility of using clove oil as an alternative to tricaine
methanesulphonate as a fish anaesthetic, particularly in fish stress research. The …

Terrestrial animal welfare has been a matter for exploration for many years. In contrast,
approaches towards improving the welfare and humane treatment of aquatic animals are …

Anaesthesia of Exotic Pets provides a unique and quick reference guide for all those
working in veterinary practice. The book covers the common species seen and includes: the …

Abstract Knowledge of the fate and persistence of microplastics within the tissues of marine
organisms remains poor, despite their ubiquitous nature in marine habitats and ingestion by …

Euthanasia (from the Greek eu= well, thanatos= death) is defined as the process of inducing
a painless death. It is a necessary and accepted procedure in all aspects of veterinary …

Simple Summary Animals that are capable of suffering from pain and distress should be
protected when they are being submitted to circumstances that could provoke suffering, such …

Invertebrates are an expansive and diverse group of animals that have had little attention
regarding anesthesia and analgesia. Economic use, environmental awareness, laboratory …