Finite element analysis (FEA) is a technique that reconstructs stress, strain, and deformation
in a digital structure. Although commonplace in engineering and orthopedic science for …

Among terrestrial mammals, the largest, the 3 tonne African elephant, is one-million times
heavier than the smallest, the 3 g pygmy shrew. Body mass is the most obvious and …

This second edition of the Bone Mechanics Handbook summarizes the current
understanding of bone mechanics with comprehensive coverage of the histology …

Background Body size is intimately related to the physiology and ecology of an organism.
Therefore, accurate and consistent body mass estimates are essential for inferring …

Although the skeleton's adaptability to load-bearing has been recognized for over a century,
the specific mechanical components responsible for strengthening it have not been …

Departing from the premise that it is the large-amplitude signals inherent to intense
functional activity that define bone morphology, we propose that it is the far lower magnitude …

Femoral osteology and soft tissues evolved in a stepwise pattern in archosauromorph
reptiles on the line to crown group birds. Crocodylia retains most ancestral archosaurian …

Scaling relationships between skeletal dimensions and body mass in extant birds are often
used to estimate body mass in fossil crown-group birds, as well as in stem-group avialans …

It has been suggested that the large theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex was capable of
producing extremely powerful bite forces and resisting multi–directional loading generated …

The strain environment of the tibial midshaft of two female macaques was evaluated through
in vivo bone strain experiments using three rosette gauges around the circumference of the …