[HTML][HTML] Machine learning methods in weather and climate applications: A survey

L Chen, B Han, X Wang, J Zhao, W Yang, Z Yang - Applied Sciences, 2023‏ - mdpi.com
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning is gradually becoming
popular for predictions in all walks of life. In meteorology, it is gradually competing with …

Context for interpreting equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response from the CMIP6 Earth system models

GA Meehl, CA Senior, V Eyring, G Flato… - Science …, 2020‏ - science.org
For the current generation of earth system models participating in the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the range of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS …

Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate

SI Seneviratne, X Zhang, M Adnan, W Badi… - 2021‏ - centaur.reading.ac.uk
Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Future global climate: scenario-based projections and near-term information

JY Lee, J Marotzke, G Bala, L Cao, S Corti, JP Dunne… - 2021‏ - ora.ox.ac.uk
This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

The GFDL Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics

JP Dunne, LW Horowitz, AJ Adcroft… - Journal of Advances …, 2020‏ - Wiley Online Library
We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …

Causes of higher climate sensitivity in CMIP6 models

MD Zelinka, TA Myers, DT McCoy… - Geophysical …, 2020‏ - Wiley Online Library
Equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO doubling, has
been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global …

Changing ocean, marine ecosystems, and dependent communities

NL Bindoff, WWL Cheung, JG Kairo, J Arístegui… - 2019‏ - ri.conicet.gov.ar
The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Exacerbated summer European warming not captured by climate models neglecting long-term aerosol changes

DL Schumacher, J Singh, M Hauser… - … Earth & Environment, 2024‏ - nature.com
In much of western-central Europe, summer temperatures have surged three times faster
than the global mean warming since 1980, yet this is not captured by most climate model …

[HTML][HTML] The Canadian earth system model version 5 (CanESM5. 0.3)

NC Swart, JNS Cole, VV Kharin… - Geoscientific Model …, 2019‏ - gmd.copernicus.org
Abstract The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) is a global model
developed to simulate historical climate change and variability, to make centennial-scale …

Human influence on the climate system (Chapter 3)

V Eyring, NP Gillett, KM Achuta Rao, R Barimalala… - 2021‏ - pure.iiasa.ac.at
The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …