Why do some parties formed by social movements develop top-down structures while others
stay more open and responsive to their social bases? The first rigorous comparative study of …

Political parties in the develo** world often face serious electoral crises; from one election
to the next, parties can be decisively voted out of national office. What happens to a party …

What type of revolutions are most vulnerable to counterrevolutions? I argue that violent
revolutions are less likely than nonviolent ones to be reversed because they produce …

Many contemporary party organizations are failing to fulfill their representational role in
contemporary democracies. While political scientists tend to rely on a minimalist definition of …

One of the main ways in which populism damages democracy is through the corrosion of
political-party systems, a phenomenon that has been especially pronounced in …

Parties are central agents of democratic representation. The literature assumes that this
function is an automatic consequence of social structure and/or a product of incentives …

Democratically elected as Bolivia's first indigenous president in 2005, Evo Morales eroded
democracy and began a transition to competitive authoritarianism in the 2010s. By …

Strategic planning has been increasingly used by local governments worldwide to boost
performance. While this can be seen as a technical and political process, the relationship …

For fifty years, Bolivia's political party system was a surprisingly robust component of an
otherwise fragile democracy, withstanding coups, hyperinflation, guerrilla insurgencies, and …

Parties are indispensable to democracy, yet almost everywhere they are in crisis. An
invention of the 20th century, the mass party model—one with a strong activist base, a large …