This article reviews soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) that are manufactured entirely via
additive manufacturing methods. These actuators are known as four-dimensional (4D) …

Soft and continuum robots are transforming medical interventions thanks to their flexibility,
miniaturization, and multidirectional movement abilities. Although flexibility enables …

This paper presents a method for four-dimensional (4D) printing of soft pneumatic actuator
robot (SPA) s, using nonlinear machine learning (ML) and finite element model (FEM). A …

The development of flexible and soft robots generates new needs in terms of
instrumentation, as large encountered deformations require highly stretchable strain …

The soft pneumatic actuator (SPA) has strong flexibility and good compliance, allowing its
assembly into a multi-functional soft gripper that can be applied to object gras** and …

Strain measurement is the basis of shape reconstruction by using the optical frequency
domain reflectometer, and we propose a local spectrum matching method to determine the …

In recent times, soft manipulators have gardened immense interest given their dexterous
abilities. A critical aspect for their feedback control involves the reconstruction of the …

Purpose With the increasing development of the surgical robots, the opto-mechatronic
technologies are more potential in the robotics system optimization. The optic signal plays …

FBG shape sensors based on soft substrates are currently one of the research focuses of
wing shape reconstruction, where soft substrates and torque are two important factors …

Soft robotics presents several advantages in the field of minimally invasive surgery.
However, existing methods have not fully addressed problems related to soft robot shape …