Background Although muscle weakness and/or imbalance of the rotator cuff are thought to
contribute to the development of shoulder instability, the association between muscular …

Background The transverse force couple (TFC) of the rotator cuff (subscapularis vs.
infraspinatus and teres minor muscle) is an important dynamic stabilizer of the shoulder joint …

In patients with anterior shoulder instability (ASI), a chronic imbalance might exist between
the anterior and posterior shoulder muscles (ie, subscapular [Ssc] vs. infraspinatus and teres …

Background: Constitutional static posterior humeral decentering (type C1 according to ABC
Classification) has been recognized as a pre–osteoarthritic deformity that may lead to early …

Background The etiology of humeral posterior subluxation remains unknown, and it has
been hypothesized that horizontal muscle imbalance could cause this condition. The …

Background Static posterior subluxation of the humeral head (SPSH) results in
glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Treatment strategies for SPSH with or without resulting …

Question Shoulder pain and rotator cuff tears are highly prevalent among wheelchair
dependent individuals with paraplegia. The purpose of this study was to identify potential …

(1) Background: Both intra-articular pathologies and muscle imbalance can be a cause of
shoulder instability. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-sectional areas of the …

Background Rotator cuff posterior delamination and subscapularis tear are commonly
observed in rotator cuff injuries. However, there are very few studies on the relationship …

Background: Rotator cuff fatty infiltration has been correlated with poorer radiographic and
clinical outcomes in supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon repairs, but this has not been …