Abstract Lifestyle choices influence 20–40% of adult peak bone mass. Therefore,
optimization of lifestyle factors known to influence peak bone mass and strength is an …

Recent reports have attributed the potential health benefits of vitamin K beyond its function
to activate hepatic coagulation factors. Moreover, several studies have suggested that …

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects many older people. Fragility fractures are
the hallmark of osteoporosis. Although nutrition is only 1 of many factors that influence bone …

Recent interest in vitamin K has been motivated by evidence of physiological roles beyond
that of coagulation. Vitamin K and vitamin K–dependent (VKD) proteins may be involved in …

Osteocalcin (OC) is the main non-collagenous hydroxyapatite-binding protein synthesized
by osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and hypertrophic chondrocytes. It has a regulatory role in …

Vitamin K, well known for its role in coagulation, encompasses 2 major subgroups: vitamin
K1 is exclusively synthesized by plants, whereas vitamin K2 mostly originates from bacterial …

Vitamin K's recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is based on the hepatic requirement for
clotting factor synthesis, but substantial concentrations of undercarboxylated extra-hepatic …

Vascular calcification is a critical complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
because it is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality. In addition to the traditional …

Vascular calcification, which involves the deposition of calcifying particles within the arterial
wall, is mediated by atherosclerosis, vascular smooth muscle cell osteoblastic changes …

Vitamin K contributes to bone health, probably through its role as cofactor in the
carboxylation of osteocalcin. Intervention studies in adults have demonstrated that markedly …