An increasing number of connected vehicles (CVs) driving together with regular vehicles
(RVs) on the road is an inevitable stage of future traffic development. As accurate traffic flow …

This paper explores new sensor technologies and their integration within Connected
Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) for real-time road condition monitoring. Sensors like …

Traffic state estimation (TSE) refers to the inference of macroscopic traffic states, including
density, speed, and flow, based on partially observed traffic data and some prior knowledge …