Climate change impact syntheses, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, consistently assert that limiting global warming to 1.5° C is unlikely to safeguard …

In this review, using examples drawn from field observations or experimental studies, our
goals are (i) to briefly summarize the major changes, in terms of species composition and …

Increases in concentrations of greenhouse gases projected for the 21st century are
expected to lead to increased mean global air and ocean temperatures. The National …

Coastal waters of the United States (US) are subject to many of the major harmful algal
bloom (HAB) poisoning syndromes and impacts. These include paralytic shellfish poisoning …

Coral reefs, with their millions of species, have changed profoundly because of the effects of
people, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Reefs are subject to many of …

Marine turtles occupy a wide range of terrestrial and marine habitats, and many aspects of
their life history have been demonstrated to be closely tied to climatic variables such as …

Coral reefs are degrading worldwide at an alarming rate. Nutrient over-enrichment is
considered a major cause of this decline because degraded coral reefs generally exhibit a …

Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess
nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over …

Populations of the shallow-water Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, are being
decimated by white pox disease, with losses of living cover in the Florida Keys typically in …

Pervasive overharvesting of consumers and anthropogenic nutrient loading are changing
the strengths of top‐down and bottom‐up forces in ecosystems worldwide. Thus, identifying …