In the last twenty years, our understanding of the rules and mechanisms for the outward light-
driven proton transport (and underlying proton transfers) by microbial rhodopsins has been …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptor proteins that convert light into biological signals or
energy. Proteins of the xanthorhodopsin family are common in eukaryotic photosynthetic …

Microbial pump rhodopsins are highly versatile light-driven membrane proteins that couple
protein conformational dynamics with ion translocation across the cell membranes …

Microbial rhodopsin (MRs) ion channels and pumps have become invaluable optogenetic
tools for neuroscience as well as biomedical applications. Recently, MR-optogenetics …

Viruses in the phylum Nucleocytoviricota are large, complex and have an exceptionally
diverse metabolic repertoire. Some encode hundreds of products involved in the translation …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest superfamily of membrane proteins in
the human genome, and represent one of the most important classes of drug targets. Their …

Ion gradients are a universal form of energy, information storage and conversion in living
cells. Advances in optogenetics inspire the development of novel tools towards control of …

Voltage imaging using genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) has taken the field of
neuroscience by storm in the past decade. Its ability to create subcellular and network level …

Aureobasidium pullulans is a black fungus that can adapt to various stressful conditions like
hypersaline, acidic, and alkaline environments. The genome of A. pullulans exhibits three …