Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

In the last few years, 3D printing has emerged as a promising alternative for the fabrication
of microfluidic devices, overcoming some of the limitations associated with conventional soft …

Self-propelled micro/nanomotors are emergent intelligent sensors for analyzing extracellular
biomarkers in circulating biological fluids. Conventional luminescent motors are often …

Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical
trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical …

Cancer, one of the most dangerous diseases with a high mortality rate, has attracted much
attention and interest. Advances in tissue engineering and microfluidics have led to the …

Mammary tumor organoids have become a promising in vitro model for drug screening and
personalized medicine. However, the dependency on the basement membrane extract …

Upconversion nanoparticles are a class of luminescent materials that convert longer-
wavelength near-infrared photons into visible and ultraviolet emissions. They can respond to …

Three-dimensional (3D) tumor culture techniques are gaining popularity as in vitro models of
tumoral tissue analogues. Despite the widespread interest, need, and present-day effort …

Physiological‐relevant in vitro tissue models with their promise of better predictability have
the potential to improve drug screening outcomes in preclinical studies. Despite the …

3D in vitro biological systems are progressively replacing 2D systems to increase the
physiological relevance of cellular studies. Microfluidics-based approaches can be powerful …