The wave function of a composite system is defined in relativity on a space–time surface. In
the explicitly covariant light-front dynamics, reviewed in the present article, the wave …

The transmission reach of signals in optical transmission systems is limited. To go beyond
these transparent reach limits, signal regeneration is necessary to re-amplify, reshape, and …

Multi-band optical fiber transmission is generally proposed for capacity upgrades in optical
transport networks. To comprehensively assess the potential of multi-band transmission, key …

Ethernet's success in local area networks (LANs) is fueling the efforts to extend its reach to
cover metro and long-haul networks. This new Ethernet is refereed to as Carrier Ethernet …

Placement of regenerators in optical networks has attracted the attention of recent research
works in optical networks. In this problem we are given a network, with an underlying …

Physical impairments in optical fiber transmission necessitate the use of regeneration at
certain intermediate nodes, at least for certain lengthy lightpaths. We design and implement …

Over the last decade, numerous routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms have
been developed for WDM optical networks planning. Most of these algorithms neglect the …

In the evolution from opaque networks, using 3R regenerators and OEO conversions for
every wavelength channel, towards transparent networks, relying on end-to-end all-optical …

Since the optical reach (the distance an optical signal can travel before its quality degrades
to a level that necessitates regeneration) ranges from 500 to 2000 miles, regeneration of …

In a telecommunications network the reach of an optical signal is the maximum distance it
can traverse before its quality degrades. Regenerators are devices to extend the optical …