River networks represent the largest biogeochemical nexus between the continents, ocean
and atmosphere. Our current understanding of the role of rivers in the global carbon cycle …

Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

Phytoplankton blooms in coastal oceans can be beneficial to coastal fisheries production
and ecosystem function, but can also cause major environmental problems,—yet detailed …

Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

ES 6: 3-5 Replace “It is unequivocal that emissions of the well-mixed greenhouse gases
(GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) from human activities …

The concentration of dissolved oxygen in aquatic systems helps to regulate biodiversity,,
nutrient biogeochemistry, greenhouse gas emissions, and the quality of drinking water. The …

Artificial-intelligence methods and machine-learning models have demonstrated their ability
to optimize, model, and automate critical water-and wastewater-treatment applications …

The ocean is home to a diverse and metabolically versatile microbial community that
performs the complex biochemical transformations that drive the nitrogen cycle, including …

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) links terrestrial and marine systems, but has often
been overlooked in coastal nutrient budgets because it is difficult to quantify. In this Review …