During their evolution, plants have acquired the ability to produce a huge variety of
compounds. Unlike the specialized metabolites that accumulate in limited numbers of …

The role of flavonoids as the major red, blue, and purple pigments in plants has gained
these secondary products a great deal of attention over the years. From the first description …

Social network analysis is used widely in the social sciences to study interactions among
people, groups, and organizations, yet until now there has been no book that shows …

Although pairwise interactions have always had a key role in ecology and evolutionary
biology, the recent increase in the amount and availability of biological data has placed a …

Most proteins do not evolve in isolation, but as components of complex genetic networks.
Therefore, a protein's position in a network may indicate how central it is to cellular function …

**bei tree peony is a distinctive cultivar group that features red–purple blotches in petals.
Interestingly, the pigmentations of blotches and non-blotches are largely independent of one …

A growing body of evidence indicates that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism is
catalyzed, not by free‐floating 'soluble'enzymes, but via one or more membrane‐associated …

Salicin‐based phenolic glycosides, hydroxycinnamate derivatives and flavonoid‐derived
condensed tannins comprise up to one‐third of Populus leaf dry mass. Genes regulating the …

Parallel phenotypic evolution, the independent evolution of the same trait in closely related
lineages, is interesting because it tells us about the contribution of natural selection to …

Mutualisms between plants and fruit‐eating animals were key to the radiation of
angiosperms. Still, phylogenetic uncertainties limit our understanding of fleshy‐fruit …