Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple
organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments …

The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes.
However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase …

Insulin, a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, has a primary function of maintaining
glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies in β-cell insulin secretion result in the development of …

Increasing evidences have suggested that oxidative stress plays a major role in the
pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidative stress also appears to be the pathogenic …

Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and predicted to affect
over 500 million people by 2030. However, this growing burden of disease has not been met …

▪ Abstract The insulin resistance syndrome refers to a constellation of findings, including
glucose intolerance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, that promote the development …

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a recently discovered metabolic regulator. Here, we
investigated the effects of FGF-21 in the pancreatic β-cell. In rat islets and INS-1E cells, FGF …

Insulin modulates the biochemical pathways controlling lipid uptake, lipolysis and
lipogenesis at multiple levels. Elevated insulin levels are associated with obesity, and …

A major goal in diabetes research is to find ways to enhance the mass and function of insulin
secreting β-cells in the endocrine pancreas to prevent and/or delay the onset or even …

Insulin is a life-saving drug for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, even today, no
pharmacotherapy can prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells …