Psychiatric disorders are mental, behavioral or emotional disorders. These conditions are
prevalent, one in four adults suffer from any type of psychiatric disorders world-wide. It has …

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by altered decision-making
(DM) and reinforcement learning (RL), for which competing theories propose alternative …

Respiratory rhythms sustain biological life, governing the homeostatic exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide. Until recently, however, the influence of breathing on the brain has …

Human perception is invariably accompanied by a graded feeling of confidence that guides
metacognitive awareness and decision-making. It is often assumed that this arises solely …

Deciding whether to forgo a good choice in favour of exploring a potentially more rewarding
alternative is one of the most challenging arbitrations both in human reasoning and in …

Phenomenologists typically describe the transparency of the body as a preconditioning
factor for awareness of the self, world, and others, emphasizing that all experience takes …

Research in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has had a clear focus on
treatment and the dysfunction in specific situation associated with the condition. However …

Attention is not always directed to events in the external environment. On occasion our
thoughts wander to people and places distant from the here and now. Sometimes, this lack …

In this article, we develop a computational model of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
We propose that OCD is characterized by a difficulty in relying on past events to predict the …

Optimal decision-making is based on integrating information from several dimensions of
decisional space (eg, reward expectation, cost estimation, effort exertion). Despite …