1.1 Background Develo** efficient energy conversion devices that are in line with the
conservation of the natural environment is a critical challenge for modern society. Fossil …

The lithium–O2 battery is one of most promising energy storage and conversion devices due
to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and hence has broad application potential in …

With the development of renewable energy and electrified transportation, electrochemical
energy storage will be more important in the future than it has ever been in the past …

Energy‐storage technologies, including electrical double‐layer capacitors and rechargeable
batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices …

Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key role in the
electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage possible for Li-ion batteries …

Electrical energy storage and conversion is vital to a clean, sustainable, and secure energy
future. Among all electrochemical energy storage devices, metal‐air batteries have potential …

In the Li‐O2 field, the electrocatalyst plays an important role in accelerating the sluggish
electrochemical reactions, thus improving the performances of Li‐O2 battery. In this field …

Electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are becoming increasingly
important components in energy storage, although their widespread use has not been …

The urgency for clean and secure energy has stimulated a global resurgence in searching
for advanced electrical energy storage systems. For now and the foreseeable future …

A Li‐air battery could potentially provide three to five times higher energy density/specific
energy than conventional batteries and, thus, enable the driving range of an electric vehicle …