The herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were the
largest terrestrial animals ever, surpassing the largest herbivorous mammals by an order of …

Over the past two decades, comparative biological analyses have undergone profound
changes with the incorporation of rigorous evolutionary perspectives and phylogenetic …

Background Body size is intimately related to the physiology and ecology of an organism.
Therefore, accurate and consistent body mass estimates are essential for inferring …

Tetanuran theropods represent the majority of Mesozoic predatory dinosaur diversity and
the lineage leading to extant Aves. Thus their history is relevant to understanding the …

Comparative biologists often attempt to draw inferences about tempo and mode in evolution
by comparing the fit of evolutionary models to phylogenetic comparative data consisting of a …

Upper Triassic rocks in northwestern Argentina preserve the most complete record of
dinosaurs before their rise to dominance in the Early Jurassic. Here, we describe a …

Titanosauria was the most diverse and successful lineage of sauropod dinosaurs. This clade
had its major radiation during the middle Early Cretaceous and survived up to the end of that …

Measurement—the assignment of numbers to attributes of the natural world—is central to all
scientific inference. Measurement theory concerns the relationship between measurements …

Recent discoveries have highlighted the dramatic evolutionary transformation of massive,
ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs into light, volant birds. Here, we apply Bayesian …

Navigation depends on multiple neural systems that encode the moment-to-moment
changes in an animal's direction and location in space. These include head direction (HD) …