To understand brain function, it is essential that we discover how cellular signaling specifies
normal and pathological brain function. In this regard, chemogenetic technologies represent …

In the past decade, emerging synthetic biology technologies such as chemogenetics have
dramatically transformed how pharmacologists and systems biologists deconstruct the …

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are an
increasingly popular approach for “remotely controlling” selected neuronal populations and …

The coincidence between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is
essential for associative learning; however, the mechanism regulating the duration of this …

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting more than 45 million
people worldwide. Recent advances in genetic techniques, such as next-generation …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a popular model to study cAMP signaling
and resultant behaviors due to its powerful genetic approaches. All molecular components …

Cell surface receptors are important proteins that mediate communication between the cells
and their outside environment, and also play essential roles in the control of a wide variety of …

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include a large number of conditions such as Fragile
X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders and Down syndrome, among others. They are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease showing uncontrollable motor
symptoms that are primarily caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the …

Olfactory associative learning in Drosophila is mediated by synaptic plasticity between the
Kenyon cells of the mushroom body and their output neurons. Both Kenyon cells and their …