Whereas numerous studies on large carnivores have focused on analyzing spatial patterns
and habitat use, the temporal dimension of their activity has been relatively little …

Life in the Arctic presents organisms with multiple challenges, including extreme photic
conditions, cold temperatures, and annual loss and daily movement of sea ice. Polar bears …

Heat dissipation limit theory posits that energy available for growth and reproduction in
endotherms is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. In mammals, endogenous heat …

Understanding factors that influence daily and annual activity patterns of a species provides
insights to challenges facing individuals, particularly when climate shifts, and thus is …

The scientific name combines the Latin (ursus) and Greek (Άρκτος [arktos]) words for “bear.”
North American brown bears are commonly referred to as “grizzly bears” throughout much of …

American black bears (Ursus americanus) are endemic to North America, having speciated
from other ursids some 1.2 to 1.8 million years ago (Kurtn & Anderson 1994). During that …

Simple Summary The mechanisms of coexistence between large carnivores are critical for
conservation and the management of endangered species. In northeastern China, the …

Global positioning system (GPS) wildlife collars have revolutionized wildlife research.
Studies of predation by free-ranging carnivores have particularly benefited from the …

Background Most biological functions are synchronized to the environmental light: dark
cycle via a circadian timekee** system. Bears exhibit shallow torpor combined with …

Animals vary considerably in the amount of behavioral plasticity they exhibit in daily activity
timing and temporal niche switching. It is not well understood how environmental factors …