To coordinate, adapt and respond to biological signals, cells convey specific messages to
other cells. An important aspect of cell–cell communication involves secretion of molecules …

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanoparticles (NPs) is rapidly expanding
because recent discoveries have revealed a much greater complexity and diversity than was …

Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40–200 nm in diameter that are
secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA …

Exosomes are well-known key mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to
various physiological and pathological processes. Their biogenesis involves four key steps …

Exosomes are specialized cargo delivery vesicles secreted from cells by fusion of
multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM). While the function of …

Exosomes are endosome-derived nanovesicles involved in cellular communication. They
are natural nanocarriers secreted by various cells, making them suitable candidates for …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention as
promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in …

Cells release small, phospholipid membrane-enclosed particles, collectively referred to as
extracellular vesicles (EVs), into their surroundings to enable intercellular communication …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention for diagnostic and therapeutic
applications in various diseases. These natural nanoparticles benefit from favorable safety …

Although immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress, its efficacy in solid tumours
remains unsatisfactory. Exosomes are the main type of extracellular vesicles that can deliver …