Glucocorticoids (GCs; ie cortisol/corticosterone) are a central component of the stress
response and thus their measurement is frequently used to evaluate the impact of stressful …

Outdoor recreation is typically assumed to be compatible with biodiversity conservation and
is permitted in most protected areas worldwide. However, increasing numbers of studies are …

Stress responses play a key role in allowing animals to cope with change and challenge in
the face of both environmental certainty and uncertainty. Measurement of glucocorticoid …

Baseline glucocorticoid (cort) levels are increasingly employed as physiological indices of
the relative condition or health of individuals and populations. Often, high cort levels are …

Tourism is a large, diffuse global industry. Environmental aspects are little studied, with∼
1,500 publications in total. Impacts range from global contributions to climate change and …

Nature based recreation such as wildlife viewing, hiking, running, cycling, canoeing, horse
riding and dog walking can have negative environmental effects. A review of the recreation …

Over the past few decades, there has been a steep increase in the number of conservation-
related field studies that measure glucocorticoid hormones (corticosterone or cortisol) as a …

Outdoor recreation is increasing in intensity and space. Areas previously inaccessible are
now being visited by ever‐growing numbers of people, which increases human–wildlife …

Ecological and medical researchers are investing great effort to determine the role of M
aternally‐D erived S tress (MDS) as an inducer of phenotypic plasticity in offspring. Many …

Glucocorticoid (cort) hormones are increasingly applied in studies of free-ranging animals,
with elevated baseline cort levels generally assumed to indicate individuals or populations …