Global development has been heavily reliant on the overexploitation of natural resources
since the Industrial Revolution. With the extensive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other …

The transition of the energy system demands a wide range of raw materials, resulting in
projections of rapid demand growth. Many of these commodities are already classified as …

Approximately 172 million rural households in China in 2022, will still rely on traditional
biofuels instead of electricity. This study explores the feasibility of achieving rural …

Increasing the deployment of low-carbon technologies on a global scale is critical for
mitigating climate change and achieving net-zero emissions (NZE) by 2050. Implementing …

The core of the energy transformation under the carbon-neutral vision is the gradual
replacement of high-carbon energy by zero-carbon and low-carbon energy. However, the …

The stable operation of nickel market provides essential safeguard for the realization of
global sustainable energy transition. In the context of prominent geopolitical risks and …

The world needs an energy transition. This transition will be based on three main pillars:
renewable energy supply, electrification of end use and efficient use of energy. It will entail a …

Dysprosium (Dy) is a critical rare earth element and plays an indispensable role in clean
energy technologies, such as wind turbines and electric vehicles. However, its flows and …

Abstract The Factor Proportions Model posits that international trade is contingent upon the
relative abundance of factors of production, namely natural resources, capital, and labor …

The transition to a low-carbon energy future requires large amounts of many raw materials.
Some of these materials are deemed critical in terms of their limited availability …