Smart soft materials are envisioned to be the building blocks of the next generation of
advanced devices and digitally augmented technologies. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs) …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), owing to their intrinsic anisotropic property and capability
of generating programmable complex morphologies under heat, have been widely used for …

Artificial muscles based on stimuli-responsive polymers usually exhibit mechanical
compliance, versatility, and high power-to-weight ratio, showing great promise to potentially …

The programmable assembly of innervated LCE actuators (iLCEs) with prescribed
contractile actuation, self‐sensing, and closed loop control via core–shell 3D printing is …

Shape memory polymer (SMP) is an excellent smart material, which can sense and perform
active shape change as preprogrammed. So far, there are a wide variety of stimulus …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have attracted tremendous interest as actuators for soft
robotics due to their mechanical and shape memory properties. However, LCE actuators …

Liquid metals, with their unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties, offer
great opportunities for actuation based on surface tension modulation. Thanks to the scaling …

Nature frequently serves as an inspiration for modern robotics innovations that emphasize
secure human–machine interaction. However, the advantages of increased automation and …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of stimuli‐responsive materials that have been
intensively studied for applications including artificial muscles, shape morphing structures …

Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers are capable of large and reversible deformations,
making them an ideal artificial muscle. However, limited to stimulating source and structural …