Microsurgical techniques have been widely utilized in various surgical specialties, such as
ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology, which require intricate and precise …

Intraocular surgery, one of the most challenging discipline of microsurgery, requires sensory
and motor skills at the limits of human physiological capabilities combined with …

In the last decade, various robotic platforms have been introduced that could support
delicate retinal surgeries. Concurrently, to provide semantic understanding of the surgical …

Retinal surgery has long drawn the attention of engineers and clinicians who identified a
clear use case for robotics and assistive technology. In retinal surgery, precision is …

Important challenges in retinal microsurgery in-clude prolonged operating time, inadequate
force feedback, and poor depth perception due to a constrained top-down view of the …

Subretinal injection is known to be a complicated task for ophthalmologists to perform, the
main sources of difficulties are the fine anatomy of the retina, insufficient visual feedback …

Intraoperative image-guidance provides enhanced feedback that facilitates surgical decision-
making in a wide variety of medical fields and is especially useful when haptic feedback is …

Robotic ophthalmic surgery is an emerging technology to facilitate high-precision
interventions such as subretinal injection and removing swinging tissues in retinal …

Vitreoretinal (VR) surgery is typical microsurgery with delicate and complex surgical
procedures. The vision-based navigation for robot-assisted VR surgery has not been fully …

Retinal surgery is widely considered to be a complicated and challenging task even for
specialists. Image-guided robot-assisted intervention is among the novel and promising …