Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey,
predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness—having …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

Quantitative measurements of colour, pattern and morphology are vital to a growing range of
disciplines. Digital cameras are readily available and already widely used for making these …

Recent technical and methodological advances have led to a dramatic increase in the use of
spectrometry to quantify reflectance properties of biological materials, as well as models to …

Get a complete understanding of aircraft control and simulation Aircraft Control and
Simulation: Dynamics, Controls Design, and Autonomous Systems, Third Edition is a …

Vertebrate vision is accomplished through light-sensitive photopigments consisting of an
opsin protein bound to a chromophore. In dim light, vertebrates generally rely on a single …

To understand the function of colour signals in nature, we require robust quantitative
analytical frameworks to enable us to estimate how animal and plant colour patterns appear …

Colour patterns and their visual backgrounds consist of a mosaic of patches that vary in
colour, brightness, size, shape and position. Most studies of crypsis, aposematism, sexual …

Ultraviolet (UV) light occupies the spectral range of wavelengths slightly shorter than those
visible to humans. Because of its shorter wavelength, it is more energetic (and potentially …

Organisms capable of rapid physiological colour change have become model taxa in the
study of camouflage because they are able to respond dynamically to the changes in their …