The PPP–RTK method, which combines the concepts of Precise of Point Positioning (PPP)
and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), is proposed to provide a centimeter-accuracy positioning …

With the completion of Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the world has
begun to enjoy the Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services of four Global …

Abstract A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation augmenting satellite navigation is important
in the future development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS augmented …

Several noteworthy breakthroughs have been made with the BeiDou Navigation Satellite
System (BDS) and other global navigation satellite systems as well as the associated …

A navigation framework with carrier phase differential measurements from
megaconstellation low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite signals is developed. The measurement …

Abstract The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can be used to effectively speed up Precise
Point Positioning (PPP) convergence. In this study, 180 LEO satellites with a global …

To provide backup and supplementation for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS),
Doppler shift from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can be used as signals of opportunity to …

LEO augmentation systems are attracting worldwide attention. However, their performance
in real-world environments has not yet been reported, although several systems have …

The positioning service aided by low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations has become a
hot topic in recent years. To achieve precise positioning, accuracy of the LEO clocks is …

GNSS signals are blocked in forests, urban canyons, and indoors. Precise positioning can
hardly be guaranteed in these challenging environments. A low earth orbit (LEO) …