I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Epithelial surfaces in humans are home to symbiotic microbes (ie, microbiota) that influence
the defensive function against pathogens, depending on the health of the microbiota …

Introduction Hypoxia due to sinus obstruction is a major pathogenic mechanism leading to
sinusitis. The objective of the current study is to define the electrophysiologic characteristics …

Funding support: This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases (5P30DK072482); National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart …

Background We previously discovered that Korean red ginseng aqueous extract (RGAE)
potentiates the TMEM16A channel, improved mucociliary transport (MCT) parameters in CF …

Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by thick mucus and
impaired mucociliary transport (MCT). Loss of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serves as the interface between gram-negative bacteria (GNB)
and the innate immune response in respiratory epithelial cells (REC). Herein, we describe a …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by
persistent immune dysregulation, which presents considerable limitations in current medical …

Background Excessive and improper use of antibiotics in respiratory infections is still an
urgent issue. In most cases of ARS and AT, antibiotics can be considered excessive …

Background Abnormal chloride (Cl–) transport dehydrates airway surface liquid (ASL) in
sinonasal epithelium leading to mucus stasis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an experimental …