BACKGROUND The success of human societies depends intimately on the living
components of natural and managed systems. Although the geographical range limits of …

A consequence of climate change is the increased frequency and severity of extreme heat
waves. This is occurring now as most of the warmest summers and most intense heat waves …

There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge
of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we …

The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of
marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns of diversity and the underlying drivers …

Because of human action, the Earth has entered an era where profound changes in the
global environment are creating novel conditions that will be discernable far into the future …

Shifts in phenology are already resulting in disruptions to the timing of migration and
breeding, and asynchronies between interacting species,,,–. Recent syntheses have …

Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and
regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between …

Species across a wide range of taxa and habitats are shifting phenological events in
response to climate change. While advances are common, shifts vary in magnitude and …

Background Among the most widely predicted climate change-related impacts to biodiversity
are geographic range shifts, whereby species shift their spatial distribution to track their …

Recent increases in the frequency of Extreme Climate Events (ECEs) such as heatwaves
and floods have been attributed to climate change, and could have pronounced ecosystem …