Abstract Context The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines panel on Muscle-
invasive and Metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) updates its guidelines yearly. This updated …

Hemorrhagic cystitis may be defined as acute or insidious diffuse vesical bleeding. The
potential causes of bladder hemorrhage are numerous and include chemical toxins …

Cyclophosphamide, an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent introduced in 1958, currently is
widely used in the treatment of solid tumors and B-cell malignant diseases, such as …

Results: We reviewed a total of 41 articles and identified a broad differential diagnosis for
intractable hemorrhagic cystitis including infection, chemical exposure, malignancy …

Intractable haematuria from the bladder can be lifethreatening and its management remains
a difficult clinical problem. Severe bleeding can arise as a result of radiation cystitis, bladder …

Radiotherapy is widely used as a curative treatment for pelvic malignancies. The location of
these organs leads to unavoidable exposure of the bladder, urethra, and distal ureters to …

Intractable hematuria is a common and severe complication in patients with inoperable
bladder carcinoma. The aim was to provide an overview of therapeutic options for such …

Objectives: In this article we review the literature concerning the frequency and management
of severe haemorrhagic radiation–induced cystitis. Methods: A Medline search was …

Radiation therapy along with chemotherapy and surgery are the three main treatment
modalities used in oncology. The main disadvantage of radiotherapy is the fact that it affects …

PURPOSE: To review the current literature as it pertains to hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in the
pediatric bone-marrow transplant (BMT) population. By reviewing the pathophysiology of the …