Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

The myelination of axons has evolved to enable fast and efficient transduction of electrical
signals in the vertebrate nervous system. Acting as an electric insulator, the myelin sheath is …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

Abstract N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate a slow component of excitatory
synaptic transmission, are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, and …

A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as
excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and …

The integrity of myelinated axons relies on homeostatic support from oligodendrocytes
(OLs). To determine how OLs detect axonal spiking and how rapid axon–OL metabolic …

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), early synaptic dysfunction is associated with the increased
oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide, which causes NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression …

The synapse has consistently been considered a vulnerable and critical target within
Alzheimer's disease, and synapse loss is, to date, one of the main biological correlates of …

Myelin, a lipid membrane that wraps axons, enabling fast neurotransmission and metabolic
support to axons, is conventionally thought of as a static structure that is set early in …

Neurons require mechanisms to maintain ATP homeostasis in axons, which are highly
vulnerable to bioenergetic failure. Here, we elucidate a transcellular signaling mechanism …