Metallic materials are usually composed of single phase or multiple phases, which refers to
homogeneous regions with distinct types of the atom arrangement. The recent studies on …

Phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) is an emerging field that aims to tailor the
physicochemical properties of nanomaterials by precisely manipulating their crystal phases …

Tooth enamel, renowned for its high stiffness, hardness, and viscoelasticity, is an ideal
model for designing biomimetic materials, but accurate replication of complex hierarchical …

Understanding the direct transformation from graphite to diamond has been a long-standing
challenge with great scientific and practical importance. Previously proposed transformation …

Amorphous materials inherit short-and medium-range order from the corresponding crystal
and thus preserve some of its properties while still exhibiting novel properties,. Due to its …

The inherent brittleness of ceramics, primarily due to restricted atomic motions from rigid
ionic or covalent bonded structures, is a persistent challenge. This characteristic hinders …

Grain boundaries (GBs), with their diversity in both structure and structural transitions, play
an essential role in tailoring the properties of polycrystalline materials,,,–. As a unique GB …

Materials that possess the ability to self-heal cracks at room temperature, akin to living
organisms, are highly sought after. However, achieving crack self-healing in inorganic …

As an advanced amorphous material, sp 3 amorphous carbon exhibits exceptional
mechanical, thermal and optical properties, but it cannot be synthesized by using traditional …

Biological structural materials realize outstanding mechanical properties by assembling
hard and soft components into complex hierarchical structures, which provide abundant …