The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine
receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B and, as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons …

Adenosine is formed inside cells or on their surface, mostly by breakdown of adenine
nucleotides. The formation of adenosine increases in different conditions of stress and …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

Despite continuous advances in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of
hyperexcitable networks and lowered seizure thresholds, the treatment of epilepsy remains …

Despite major advances in a variety of neuroscientific research fields, the majority of
neurodegenerative and neurological diseases are poorly controlled by currently available …

The adenosine receptors (ARs) in the nervous system act as a kind of “go-between” to
regulate the release of neurotransmitters (this includes all known neurotransmitters) and the …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for develo** pharmaco-resistant epilepsy.
Although disruptions in brain circuitry are associated with TBI, the precise mechanisms by …

Although often overshadowed by factors influencing seizure initiation, seizure termination is
a critical step in the return to the interictal state. Understanding the mechanisms contributing …