Visual systems adapt to different light environments through several avenues including
optical changes to the eye and neurological changes in how light signals are processed and …

Sensory receptors enable animals to perceive their external world, and functional properties
of receptors evolve to detect the specific cues relevant for an organism's survival. Changes …

Colubridae represents the most phenotypically diverse and speciose family of snakes, yet
no well-assembled and annotated genome exists for this lineage. Here, we report and …

The phylogenetic relationships between the three main clades of worm snakes remain
controversial. This question is, however, crucial to elucidate the origin of the successful …

Reptiles are a highly diverse class that consists of snakes, geckos, iguanid lizards, and
chameleons among others. Given their unique phylogenetic position in relation to both birds …

Patterns of diel activity—how animals allocate their activity throughout the 24-h daily cycle—
play key roles in sha** the internal physiology of an animal and its relationship with the …

Nonvisual opsins are transmembrane proteins expressed in the eyes and other tissues of
many animals. When paired with a light-sensitive chromophore, nonvisual opsins form …

Most vertebrate lineages retain a tetrachromatic visual system, which is supported by a
functional combination of spectrally distinct multiple cone photoreceptors, ultraviolet (UV) …

Among major vertebrate groups, anurans (frogs and toads) are understudied with regard to
their visual systems, and little is known about variation among species that differ in ecology …

Animals with enhanced dim-light sensitivity are at higher risk of light-induced retinal
degeneration when exposed to bright light conditions. 1, 2, 3, 4 This trade-off is mediated by …