Permafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the
climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline …

Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and
distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to …

Monitoring the thermal state of permafrost (TSP) is important in many environmental science
and engineering applications. However, such data are generally unavailable, mainly due to …

A changing climate can lead to changes in the frequency, intensity or duration of an extreme
event, or result in an 3 unprecedented, previously unobserved, extreme. As well, a weather …

Recently, there has been a revival in the development of models simulating coupled heat
and water transport in cold regions. These models represent significant advances in our …

Climate change, manifested by an increase in mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures
and by more intense rainstorms, is becoming more evident in many regions. An important …

Permafrost in steep bedrock is abundant in many cold‐mountain areas, and its degradation
can cause slope instability that is unexpected and unprecedented in location, magnitude …

We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that
includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous …

Climate change is expected to increase regional and global air temperatures and
significantly alter precipitation regimes. These projected changes in meteorological …

Rockfall is one of the main geomorphological processes that affects the evolution and
stability of rock-walls. At high elevations, rockfall is largely climate-driven, very probably …