The avian egg has been proven to be an excellent model for the study of the physical
principles and the physiological characteristics of embryonic gas exchange. In recent years …

Acute exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) places conflicting demands on the heart. Whilst an
increase in heart rate (tachycardia) may compensate systemic oxygen delivery as arterial …

A critical window (sensitive period) represents a period during development when an
organism's phenotype is responsive to intrinsic or extrinsic (environmental) factors. Such …

Simple Summary Chicken embryos are frequently not protected by animal welfare laws.
However, they are used in various research areas, and male embryos are commonly killed …

Endothermy is a conspicuous and important adaptation in birds. Even though juvenile and
adult birds are endothermic and maintain a constant, high body temperature by means of …

The freshly laid avian egg contains most of the materials needed for embryonic growth and
development, but lacks the oxygen and heat needed for successful development …

Renewed interest in the use of the embryonic chicken as a model of perinatal cardiovascular
regulation has inspired new questions about the control mechanisms that respond to acute …

Hemodynamic mechanical cues play a critical role in the early development and functional
maturation of cardiomyocytes (CM). Therefore, tissue engineering approaches that …

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the avian embryo is an intrinsically interesting gas
exchange and osmoregulation organ. Beyond study by comparative biologists, however, the …

Chronic perinatal intermittent hypoxia (IH) could have long-term cardiovascular effects by
altering baroreflex function. To examine this hypothesis, we exposed rats (n= 6/group) for …