Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes mild human
infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo and serious infections such as necrotizing …

Introduction COVID-19 has caused unprecedented hardships in the 21st century with more
than 150 million infections. Various immunological phenomena have been described during …

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory syndrome
associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, shares clinical features with toxic shock syndrome …

This review begins with a discussion of the large family of Staphylococcus aureus and beta-
hemolytic streptococcal pyrogenic toxin T lymphocyte superantigens from structural and …

Bacterial T cell superantigens (SAgs) are a family of microbial exotoxins that function to
activate large numbers of T cells simultaneously. SAgs activate T cells by direct binding and …

Evidence of marked variability in response among people exposed to the same
environmental risk implies that individual differences in genetic susceptibility might be at …

Gene–environment interaction research in psychiatry is new, and is a natural ally of
neuroscience. Mental disorders have known environmental causes, but there is …

Multicellular organisms possess very sophisticated defense mechanisms that are designed
to effectively counter the continual microbial insult of the environment within the vertebrate …

Gene–environment interplay is a general term that covers several divergent concepts with
different meanings and different implications. In this review, we evaluate research evidence …

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 1): 1–27 Abstract The European Society for Clinical
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases established the Sore Throat Guideline Group to write …