Cartilage degeneration is among the fundamental reasons behind disability and pain across
the globe. Numerous approaches have been employed to treat cartilage diseases …

In addition to proteins and nucleic acids, polysaccharides are an important type of
biomacromolecule widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms …

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a rapidly develo** and emerging field in medicine
and engineering. It allows for the production of three-dimensional structures that mimic body …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorder that mostly
affects the synovial joints and can promote both cartilage and bone tissue destruction …

Tendon-to-bone interface (enthesis) exhibits a complex multiscale architectural and
compositional organization maintained by a heterogeneous cellular environment …

Hydrogels have been widely exploited as inks for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, a
useful technique for building complex biological structures with living cells. However …

The prevalence and cost of disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system are predicted to
rise significantly in the coming years due to the aging global population and the increase of …

Soft tissue-to-bone interfaces are complex structures that consist of gradients of extracellular
matrix materials, cell phenotypes, and biochemical signals. These interfaces, called …

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymeric networks prepared from hydrophilic polymers, which
can absorb and retain a high water content while maintaining their three-dimensional …

In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-
bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing …