Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood
molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different molecular levels point to a high complexity …

Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have revolutionized the
treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). However, many …

Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and
depression. Although depression has historically been linked to alterations in …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disorder characterized by
progressive degeneration of motor neurons leading to skeletal muscle denervation. Earlier …

Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last
decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays …

Mitochondria fulfill numerous cellular functions including ATP production, Ca2+ buffering,
neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation, ROS production and sequestration, apoptosis …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurological movement disorder
characterized by the selective and irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia …

As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. Due to
intensive research, important steps in the elucidation of pathogenetic cascades have been …